“The Greatest Generation” A Study of World War II Technology

â€Å"The Greatest Generation†: A Study of World War II Technology To some, World War II may seem like a great war that happened a long time ago, a war where however great the innovations during the war were, they are much out of date now, and so they have no impact on today’s world. But to another, who understand the world and how it grows, realize that wherever a nation is, it is in that position because of its history. This means that without all of the improvements of technology during World War II, the world as we know it today would be very much different on many levels. One of the levels which has a great impact on today’s world would be the improvements of technology. But as what was said before, almost anything new cannot be created†¦show more content†¦For its time, it was very intimidating because of its sheer size and the fact that nothing like it had been seen before. It was able to deflect small arms fire, and therefore provided the protect ion necessity. It also was able to trample trenches. This allowed soldiers to go behind enemy lines, by force, and lead an invasion force into the enemy trenches. Another great invention during WWI was the flamethrower, this was essential with clearing out trenches, as people are clumped together, the area of effect power of the flamethrower was truly on display. It could kill all of the inhabitants of the bunkers and trenches without doing structural damage as with grenades. Another advancement that is the quintessence of the image of WWI is the invention of poison gas. WWI was the first and last great use of poison gas on a massive scale. It was devastating because there are two options when the gas is thrown, you either die, or you run away as fast as you can. And either way, you have to leave your defenses. This allows the enemy to rush in, with their gas masks, making them immune to the horrid gas, and take your position, pushing them back further. That is great in theory, but it turns out that there was more of a development of just misery, rather than actual ground being captured. This was because gas masks could out develop the new compounds, so those with gas masks were safe, and could hold off theShow MoreRelatedThe Greatest Generation Essay632 Words   |  3 Pagesthe â€Å"greatest generation† so great? The fact that they killed nearly half their generation in war is what most view as the defining achievement of this generation. Not to say that they didn’t do great things but they should not be recognized as the greatest generation. Every generation will have differences but they also have similarities, the most common trait between the â€Å"greatest generation† and the â€Å"millennial generation† is hard work and motivation. The â€Å"greatest generation†Read MoreEssay about My Generation1036 Words   |  5 Pagesthe ongoing debate as to whether or not this generation, Generation Y, has a role in America’s future. 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There are now five generations of peo ple that currently make up the available workforce and have the responsibility of working together in varying capacities. The generations include traditionalist, baby boomers, generation X, generation Y and Generation Z. A generation is defined by the people that share â€Å"an age location in history† (LifeCourse Associates, 2016). People differ by their life experiences. Their world views are a direct reflection of their time. EachRead MoreAnalysis of Sirianni ´s Investing in Democracy891 Words   |  4 Pagesout through the invisible hand of the market. â€Å"Civic changes have been propelled in many cases by profound and irreversible socioeconomics shift, such as the replacement of the highly civic-minded World War II generation, increased female participation in the labor force, and continual spread of technologies that encourage individualized leisure.† [Sirianni. C]. 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However with this idea, there is also the idea that they are not whole truths being told by governments within countries. Propaganda is a form of a lie seen in both North Korea in the book Escape from Camp 14, and in one of the world’s darkest ti mes, World War II; the world allows these lies to surface due to the fact that they do no outwardlyRead MoreThe Controversy Regarding The Utilization Of Nuclear Energy1734 Words   |  7 Pagescapable of supporting technology across the planet. The people of the world, specifically agencies and scientists, are obligated to emphasize and invest in nuclear energy since it is dependable, proficient, relatively inexpensive, and environmentally friendly in regards to pollution. The element of uranium, the fundamental component of nuclear energy, was discovered by a German chemist, Martin Klaproth, in 1789. 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A Health Promotion Strategy Is Responsible For Managing...

Summary Edith Cowan University Student Health Services ECU Student Health Services provides an abundance of health care facilities and programs at all Campuses. With trained general practitioners (GP), nurses and other allied health services ECU student health services provide a vast range of services to assist students with their health care needs. Some of these services include: †¢ GP consultations; †¢ Sports medicine; †¢ Pre-employment medicals; †¢ Vaccinations/ immunisations; †¢ Contraception and pregnancy †¢ Blood tests; †¢ Nursing; and †¢ Physiotherapy For some years ECU has aimed to provide more than just health care for students that are suffering from illness, and have furthermore developed programs to assist with health†¦show more content†¦Introduction Mental Health The World Health Organization (WHO), 2014 defines Mental Health as â€Å"A state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.† WHO stress’s that general health and wellbeing needs to be contained in constitution and therefore defines health as â€Å"A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Mental health illnesses have significantly adverse impacts on the health of adults, especially on relationships and quality of life. It is therefore important that interventions provide broadly based help for young people suffering with mental illnesses. Mental illnesses affect 26% of 16-24 year olds in 2007, accounting for approximately 671,000 young people within Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2010). This extremely high number of cases stresses the need for more services within a community based environment where young people can connect with others, and be educated on appropriate action to assist with mental health care, aid with prevention and treatment but also provide alternative approaches to reduce prevalence of mental health illnesses (Sawyer, Arney Baghurst, Clark, Graetz, Kosky, Nurcombe, Patton, Prior, Raphael, Rey, Whaites,

Runic alphabet, Free Essays

string(242) " from the number of inscriptions found on stones in Nordic lands that were clearly intended to be seen and read, and from the number of everyday objects inscribed with runes, it is possible that such of the Norse population could read runes\." Interrogated and first grade, for example, many children write â€Å"b† instead of â€Å"d,† and may sometimes confuse â€Å"p,† â€Å"q,† and â€Å"g. Teachers see these errors all the time, and gradually work to help kids fix them. But as a caring parent, should you worry? The stakes are high. We will write a custom essay sample on Runic alphabet, or any similar topic only for you Order Now DO these letter problems signal something deeper, such sidesaddle? To sort out the hype, we turned to two pros: Linda Selves, Executive Director of the New York branch of the International Dyslexia Association, and Eileen Marjoram, PhD. A past Board President of that organization, a professor of special education, and a teacher and tutor in private practice with dyslexic children for more than thirty years. Here’s what they have to say when it comes to three common fears about Wesleyan, and identifying it in kindergarten and first grade children: Myth You’ll know its dyslexia when a kid flips letters or misspells a lot. Fact: While some dyslexic people may do this, it’s not the main problem! Dyslexia, explains Selves, â€Å"is a neurologically based learning disability† in which â€Å"people have difficulty associating sounds with letters. Lots of kids who write â€Å"b† for â€Å"d,† or reverse other letters, are just making rookie mistake s; what’s more serious is when they cannot hear the â€Å"b† in â€Å"bear,† and think, instead, that it may be a â€Å"d† or â€Å"p. † Backwards letters alone re not cause for worry, according to the experts. In kindergarten, explains Marjoram, dyslexic kids will have trouble in several related areas. Taken together, these Signs indicate that a child is not making the all-important connection between letters, sounds, and word meaning. Instead of worrying yourself sick about reversed letters, â€Å"l would look further,† says Marjoram. If by the end of a full year of good instruction in kindergarten, a child can’t do all or most of the following, then it’s time to be concerned: easily name all the letters of the alphabet, with most sounds detect rhyming words ear initial sounds, like the â€Å"c† in cat. Identify basic sight words like â€Å"is† or ‘the† recognize â€Å"environmental print† like the word â€Å"stop† on a roadside sign Myth #2: You can’t really diagnose dyslexia until a kid is seven or eight. Fact: Kindergarten is not too early to evaluate a child. In fact, says Selves, â€Å"Early intervention is key†¦. The longer you wait, the more the problem grows. † Children quickly realize when something is wrong. Its all too easy for them to conclude, â€Å"l can’t read so I must be really dumb,† Selves says. If your kindergarten does display most of the signs above, both Selves and Marjoram emphasize that you should seek an evaluation with a qualified specialist, either through your school or through independent experts such as those certified by the International Dyslexia Association. Don’t let your school convince you to wait. Early intervention makes a huge difference. Http:// c mm/ magazine nee/article/ Kinder Stories, Poems, and Literature from the Viking Age 13th century Icelandic manuscript Our knowledge of the Viking people comes from several sources. One valuable source is the literature from the period. Norse people loved stories, and some of the stories and poems they themselves wrote, and that their ascendants wrote still survive. Stories about the Norse were also written by their contemporaries, including both their trading partners (such as the Arabs) and the victims of their raids (such as the Christian clerics who kept the historical records in Europe). This section describes written records the Viking-age people left behind. Language The Norse spoke Old Norse, which they called downs tuna (the Danish tongue). With minor variations, this language was spoken throughout the Norse lands during the Viking period. Old Norse is one of ten branches that cake up the Indo-European family of languages which have been spoken throughout Europe and southern Asia for the last 3000 years. Old Norse is the root language from which the modern Scandinavian languages descended, and is a close relative of modern English, Dutch, and German. During the period from 550050 AD, rapid linguistic changes occurred, which separated the Norse from other Germanic people on the European continent to the south and west. During the Viking age, language was no barrier to communication across the Norse lands; from Greenland to the Baltic, nearly the same language was spoken throughout. However, there is evidence that, despite the common language, a man’s homeland could be identified by his speech. Some scholars today would go further and say that by the start of the Norse era, significant differences already existed between East Norse (Sweden and Denmark) and West Norse (Norway and the Atlantic settlements such as Iceland) dialects. Writing and Runes The footwork runic â€Å"alphabet† (so called for the sounds of the first six letters in the runic row) was in wide use throughout northern Europe from roughly the 3rd to the 12th century. At first, 24 letters were used, but in the 9th century, he footwork alphabet was simplified to 16 letters, beginning in Denmark, then rapidly spreading throughout the region. Many variations of the footwork rune row were used; one of the Danish variants is shown above. In the same way that a modern reader of English would recognize all these glyphs as representing an upper case a Viking-age reader would recognize the many ways a rune might be represented. The runes consist of straight lines, typically in the form of a vertical (a stave) with diagonal branches (twigs). The lack of any curves makes the runes easy to carve into wood, bone, or stone, which were the normal writing materials mongo the Norse. Runes are found carved graffiti-like into historical buildings and statuary not just in northern Europe, but all across the continent, clearly showing the extent to which the Norse roamed over Europe. The marble lion shown in the sketch to the left is from outside Piraeus, near Athens, Greece, where some unknown Norse traveler carved runic graffiti into the shoulder of the beast. Judging from the number of inscriptions found on stones in Nordic lands that were clearly intended to be seen and read, and from the number of everyday objects inscribed with runes, it is possible that such of the Norse population could read runes. You read "Runic alphabet," in category "Papers" Many of the inscriptions are in the form of memorial stones, such as those illustrated below on this page. These stones are highly public memorials. There’s scarcely any reason to erect them if most of the population could not read them. Many everyday objects are found inscribed with the owner’s name, or the maker’s name, or other messages. Runic inscriptions have been found ranging from trade and legal documents such as bills of sale, all the way to coarse lavatory scribbling. Some runic inscriptions are clearly just for fun; a comb was found inscribed â€Å"l am a comb†. Some inscriptions may have been the equivalent of â€Å"Post-It’ notes; one wooden Ernestine from Bergen is inscribed: â€Å"Cathy says come home†. Additional evidence of widespread literacy comes from the old Icelandic literature. In an episode from Importations (chi 34), it was not considered the least bit remarkable that a poor, unnamed Icelandic from the northern quarter was able to read the inscription on a buried treasure chest. In chapter 18 of Vigilant saga, Striker ¶g’s father HLempel left a rune stick on the path where Vigorous and Transit were sure to find it as they rode to the ship that loud take them away from Iceland. On the stick were Striker ¶g’s words saying she wanted to marry no other man but Vigilantly. There was no question that V(giggling would be able to read the message.  ¶r ¶our challenged Klaus to a wrestling match via a message on a rune stick in chapter 12 of Savorsla saga. Interestingly, just two chapters later, Klaus and Gar(s found runes carved on a ship naming the skipper, which Klaus was unable to read. He demanded that Grim read them. Wooden writing tablets provide additional evidence of the widespread use of runic writing among ordinary people. The tablet shown in the photos is a odder reproduction. The historic tablets are about 20-CACM high (about 8-12 in) and were filled with blackened wax within their raised borders. A pointed iron stylus was used to write in the wax (top right). The reproduction stylus in the photos is set in an antler which allows a nice grip and which can be used to smooth the wax and erase unwanted writing (bottom right). The wooden surface of historical tablets from the Norse era bear marks where the stylus broke through the wax, and the marks show that the runic alphabet Was being used. These tablets are more commonly found in rural areas, ether than in towns, suggesting that even remote farm dwellers could read and write runes. On the other hand, objects have been found inscribed with runes which appear to be utter nonsense, or filled with errors. Perhaps it made perfect sense to the craftsman who made the object. Or perhaps, realizing that the object he just made needed to decorated with runes, but not knowing the footwork, the artisan simply made up something rune-like. The medium of choice for runic inscriptions was probably a stick or scrap of wood, which explains why few runic inscriptions are found today. Extraordinary conditions re required for the preservation of these wood scraps over the centuries since the Norse era. The runic writing shown to the right is one of a number of wooden merchant’s markers excavated in Bergen. It indicates the owner’s name, and was meant to be stuck in or tied to a pile of merchandise. It can be difficult to transcribe and translate runic writings. One difficulty is that there are more sounds in the language than there are runes to represent them. Thus a single character could represent one of several sounds. Another difficulty is the variations in the various footwork alphabets that were in use ring the period. Further, archaic or otherwise unknown words were used in runic inscriptions. Runes were frequently incorporated into the isomorphic designs (left) favored by the Norse. Additionally, every effort was made to reduce the space required to inscribe the message and the number of runes that needed to be carved. So, for example, if a rune repeated, only the first rune was carved and the second discarded. Generally, there were no breaks between words or between sentences. Runes could be written left to right or right to left. The â€Å"facing† of the runes makes it clear which way to read. For inscriptions longer than one line, alternating lines were frequently written in opposite directions, first leftwards, then rightwards. Sometimes, the lines bent around at the end, so that one line reads left to right and the next line right to left and upside down. The effect is shown with English text using Roman letters to the right. Some rune stones (such as the R ¶k stone shown to the left) have text crammed onto every surface of the stone, with lines reading upwards, downwards, leftwards, and rightwards. Further, runes could be coded into other figures, called cryptic runes. The intent is not always clear. Perhaps it was meant to highlight a portion of the text, or to show off the skill of the person carving the runes. And perhaps it was meant to hide the meaning of the text to those who did not now how the runes were encoded. One example of cryptic runes are skips;near (ship runes), where the twigs adorn the stem and stern of the ship. The number of twigs in a figure indicated two numbers. The rune was coded by these two numbers. The first represented a particular TTT (grouping of runes within the footwork), and the second indicated which rune in the grouping was meant. Shown to he right are two figures from a series of cryptic runes in an Icelandic manuscript. Portion of rune stone with several same-stave runes Same-stave rune with missing portion restored Same-stave rune separated into individual runes Transcription into Roman letters Another example of cryptic runes is same-stave runes, in which all of the twigs branch from a single stave. The composite image to the left shows an example of this kind of runic inscription. The left image shows a small portion Of the SÃ'‘ender Kirby Stone in Denmark that uses same-stave runes for a portion of its message. The stave of interest in this example is the second room the left. The stone was damaged in this region, and a portion of this stave is missing. This part of the stone is shown in the second image, with a speculative reconstruction of the missing portion. The individual runes are shown in the next column, and the transcription into the Roman alphabet in the final column. The complete message is Orr vigil run, or â€Å"Door hallow the runes†. Another form of cryptic runes is visible at the top of the R ¶k stone, above left. With the coming of Christianity, and its educated clergy reading and writing Latin, runes were displaced by the Roman alphabet (modified to it the needs of the various northern European languages), written with pen and ink on vellum. However, runes continued to be used for many centuries, since the materials for runic writing were always readily at hand: everyone carried a knife, and a stick could be picked up from anywhere. The Viking-age people did not develop a written culture until the arrival of the church. In the Viking age, runes were used for short notes only. The Viking culture was oral, and long works were remembered using poetry. Runes certainly could have been used for longer messages in the same way as Roman characters, but hey were not. Perhaps the Norse people saw no need to preserve long works in written form, even though everything was in place to do so. Only a single rune stone containing a complete poem survives, although many stones contain individual verses. In chapter 78 of Sells saga, regular asked her father Gill to compose a memorial poem, telling him she would carve the verses into a rune stick (rises ; kefir). Whether that was common practice or not is conjectural. The R ¶k stone is an extraordinary rune stone over four meters high (13 feet) and is covered on all five sides with runic inscriptions. The front (and the beginning of the inscription) is shown to the left, and the reverse is shown in the photo above left. Many of the rune stones, particularly later ones, are memorial stones, which commemorated the dead and may have served as declarations of inheritance. The purpose of the Rook stone is subject to debate, but may well be a memorial Stone, as well. Poetry Surviving poems show a wide range of topics and tones: respectful and reverent; boastful and proud; witty and humorous; threatening and defiant; vile and obscene. However, scurrilous or satirical poems were banned cause of the injury they caused to the subject and to his reputation. Poems, being a divine gift from ? ¶in (the highest of the gods), were thought to have special power. Poems had the power to bestow honor on a worthy man and to remove honor from a wretch. A skillful poet could earn a valuable reward from a generous king, or save his head from an angry king, by creating a well composed poem. Poems praising a woman were banned, both because of the publicity and the possible effect it might have on her reputation, but also because of possible spell binding effects the poem might have. (Surviving love memos suggest the ban was regularly ignored. ) On hearing certain kinds of poetry (for instance, poetry implying that a man was womanish), a man was at liberty to kill the person reciting the poem. The proscribed types of poetry are described in the medieval Icelandic lowbrow Gar;g;s (K 238). Norse poetry does not have the regular rhythm and end-rhyme that one conventionally associates with poetry, but rather uses alliteration and irregular stress which falls on the most significant words in each line. Norse poetry can be divided into three classes, depending on form and content. Rune poems were usually inscribed on monuments and serve to praise an individual. They are brief and usually have a simple meter and style. Decide poems describe the Norse gods and ancient Norse heroes and their exploits. Decide poetry also has relatively simple meter and style. The stories are exciting, packed with action, and frequently contain valuable object lessons. Little can be said about the development of decide poetry, but it was probably in place and in use at the start of the Viking age. Classic poems typically praise the deeds of notable people, and they were usually written during the lifetime of the person being raised. While some of the surviving classic poetry dates from the medieval period, many of the poems are believed to date from the Viking age. The R ¶k ironstone shown above on this page records one stanza of classic poetry and dates from the middle of the 9th century. The Israeli ironstone shown to the right is the only classic verse in the elaborate dry;takeTTT meter known to have been written down in the Viking age. It dates from roughly the year 1 000 and is located in Land in Sweden. While the decide poetry is uniformly anonymous, much of the surviving classic poetry is credited to a particular tote at a particular place and time. The classic poems have complicated meters, strict patterns of alliteration, and ornate metaphoric language, with wordplay to delight the sophisticated listener. The poems usually celebrate the exploits of a particular king or leader. Since, in the Viking age, exaggeration was considered to be mockery, and since mockery’ was considered a lethal insult, these poems are thought to be reliable testimony to the events, even though (in some cases) they weren’t committed to writing for centuries after their composition. Unfortunately, the factual information in such poetry tends to be limited. Classic poetry uses a variety of circumlocutions, such as kenning’s. A kenning uses a phrase as a metaphor to represent an idea. The usual form is a noun, qualified by another noun in the genitive case. For instance sweat of the sword is used to mean blood, or horse of the sea to mean ship. Some of the kenning’s can only be understood by someone with an extensive knowledge of the culture and of the great stories. For example, flame of the Rhine is used to mean gold but would probably be understood only by someone who is familiar with the V ¶lasagna saga in which the great gold treasure of the V ¶lulus NCAR ended up t the bottom of the river Rhine. Kenning can have multiple levels. For example, a poet might use a kenning for gold, and then use that phrase in place of the word â€Å"gold† in yet another kenning, such as flame of the sea- stead’s path. Sea-stead’s (ship) path is water, so flame of the water refers to gold. Some kenning’s depend on hyperbole. Enemy of gold refers to a man who does not like gold and gives it away: a generous man. Some kenning’s take the form of puns, such as using sky of the eel to represent ice in identifying someone as an Icelandic. The form of Norse poetry is complicated beyond the wordplay of the innings. The need to fit strict rules of alliteration and rhyming and rhythm result in verses in which multiple ideas are being formed simultaneously. (This concept is illustrated on the classic stanza page. Because Icelandic is a highly inflected language (word forms change depending on their usage in a sentence), it’s possible to jumble the word order yet retain the meaning of a sentence. Norse visual arts share this property (left). Exceedingly complicated forms are used all over a figure to create a single unified image. It’s been suggested that this similarity betw een poetry and visual arts derives from the name underlying sensibility, some innate appreciation of the baroque form in Norse culture. Because of its complexity and wordplay, wonder whether classic poetry could be understood by a listener hearing a verse for the first time. There are examples in the stories that support this belief, such as chapter 18 fog(slab saga. B ¶rids overheard a verse spoken by her brother, Gillis, in which he took credit for the killing of her husband, Programs. Not until she returned home did brd(s interpret the verse and understand its meaning. I may be overstating my case. At least one scholar of classic otter has told me that he believes the verses were easily understood by a listener in the saga age. Additionally, in an oral culture, it would be important to recall poetry without error. Because of the complexities of Norse verse, a defect in a recalled verse would be immediately apparent, since the rhyme, rhythm, or alliteration would no longer work. Any erroneous substitution would stand out. Thus, the complexity of the verse acted as a mnemonic aid to help recall the verse and to identify errors. This built-in error detection was one of the reasons that information conveyed by poetry during the Viking age as thought to be more reliable than information in prose. The 12th century authors who first wrote the histories and stories of Iceland viewed the words of poets to be more authoritative than other oral sources. Some modern scholars disagree, and they suggest that in oral form, even poetry is unlikely to remain unchanged over long periods of time. Literature Many of the important poems were composed in the 9th through 12th century. These were part Of the oral tradition, and were kept alive by repetition as they were passed from one generation to another. Poetry was likely a major form of entertainment for the Norse. Poets were held in high regard, not only for their ability to improvise poetic entertainment on the spot, but also because they were the repository of the shared cultural experience. They were the vessel through which the culture was passed from generation to generation. Once committed to poetry, a thought was expected to last â€Å"as long as the land is inhabited† or â€Å"as long as the Norse language is spoken†. Story-telling was a popular entertainment wherever people gathered. Faster ¶RA saga says in chapter 23 that origami Narrations told a story while sitting on his chair in front of his booth at the Ping. People sat all around him, listening to his tale. When an unexpected downpour forced everyone to leave and seek shelter, Poor ¶Ã‚ ¶r took advantage of the opportunity and killed Door(Mr.. Beginning in the 12th century, educated men in Iceland, where the oral tradition was strongest, began to write down the important stories. Iceland Was unique among European countries at this time in having a population comprised of a large number of relatively free, land- owning farmers. These men had the means to commission the creation of books in their own language, rather than in Latin as was the rule throughout he rest of Europe. The oral story-telling tradition of the Islanders also favored writings in the vernacular. A wide variety of material was written down in the Icelandic language. One of the first books to be written in the northern lands was the Icelandic law codes, begun in the year 11 17. Prior to this time, the law codes were remembered and recited orally by the law speaker (logs ¶Guam ¶our) at the Piping. A short time later, a history of Iceland was written known as [slandering;k (the Book of Islanders) by Air FRR ¶I (the learned) around the year 1 130. Scholars wrote books describing how to use Roman letters to represent the sounds of the Icelandic language. The First Grammatical Treatise was followed by three others. The genealogy and history of Icelandic settlers were written down in Land;MBA;k (the Book of Settlement)s. European literature was translated into Icelandic, including stories of the lives of saints, and learned books on topics including astronomy, natural history, and geography. Travel books were written by Icelandic visitors to Europe. New stories were written to commemorate the exploits of kings or other great leaders. Some of these books were in the form f histories, such as Homemaking’s, a history of the kings of Norway. Others described contemporary events, such as the sagas of the lives of Icelandic bishops, untangling saga, a compilation of sagas describing the events in the turbulent times when the sons of Stuart b ¶r ¶arson were changing the political landscape Of the Iceland. Islanders also wrote down the stories of their ancestors. These [sledding ¶guru (Sagas of Islanders, also called family sagas) remain compelling and entertaining reading today. They are a unique and new form of story-telling unlike anything that preceded them. Most of these sagas are thought to have been composed between 1200 and 1400. These stories tell of the tales of farmers and chieftains living in Iceland from the 9th through the 12th century. Many of them follow families for generation after generation, from the settlement era to the commonwealth period in Iceland’s history. They are distinctive in that they tell heroic tales not about heroes, but about just plain folks: the early Islanders. Although distorted by the time that separates the events depicted and the writing of the stories, the family sagas present one of the best pictures we have of Norse society. We know the names of only a very few of the writers of these works. It was not customary to put the author’s name on the manuscript. However, one author who can be identified with some certainty is Snorer Sturgeon (1 179-1241). A 20th century sculpture of Snorer by Vigilant is shown to the left. Snorer feared that the tradition of composing poetry to commemorate great men and great events was dying. For this, and other reasons, he wrote the Sonora dead, a four part textbook on writing classic poetry. The book summarizes Norse mythology (necessary for the poet to understand the innings), teaches the language of poetry, and presents examples of the various verse forms. How to cite Runic alphabet,, Papers

strategies to production resources management

Question: Discuss about the strategies to production resources management. Answer: Introduction This paper endeavors to cover information about an automobile company BMW Group Financial services based in Australia, a focus on the company business operations, customer feedback, complaints and reputation in the Australian market, once the various disciplines mentioned have been covered, the paper endeavors to provide solutions to its products and services offering in the Australian market. Issues identified with Reputation of BMW Company BMW Company has experienced colossal issues that greatly affected its reputation. In this piece, the issues that hampered BMW Company's reputation and the effects that BMW Company experienced are painted. Loss of Customers and Revenue The client being the focal point of any business, one of the key issues of the reputation of BMW Company is lessening in a huge number of clients. The tremendous number of clients moved far from utilizing BMW Company after they whined about the shocking product dissatisfaction they encountered. This, in the end, brought forth various competitive companies. As a consequence of client disappointment, BMW Company lost a colossal of some its clients. Amid the year 2012, BMW Company lost many clients. Since its foundation, BMW Company lost the highest number of million clients ever witnessed. Aside from the loss of clients, BMW Company confronted an immense measure of money related misfortune over the same time frame. The loss of clients advanced in 2012. According to scholars, BMW Company has constantly been losing its clients since 2011. The loss of income is extremely critical. The areas that clients report about confronting issues incorporate client service and other operational disap pointments. These uncertain issues of BMW Company have troubled its reputation in the Australia. It is specified that the CEO of BMW Company has conceded that regardless of contributing a significant amount of cash for the system change extend, the organization has not possessed the capacity to reestablish clients' trust as far as the nature of its service. Client Complaints There have been different aspects of the BMW Company which have been criticized by an extensive number of clients. These client grievances have significantly affected BMW Company's reputation. Clients have a substantial number of objections which go from poor client service to product disappointment. The gigantic clients' disappointment and shock triggered the emergence of other competitive firms in the industry. Also, in the BMW Company site, there are an extensive number of remarks and protests held up by the clients. Some of the remarks are highlighted here gathered to comprehend the client shock and disappointment. These remarks of the clients seem to express disappointment and outrage towards BMW Company. Also, it has been accounted for that the grumblings have not been served by the client agents of the organization. Poor Operation and Service Another issue that negatively affected BMW Company's reputation is its poor system and operation benefit. It was accounted for that clients were charged for the call that should be without charge. Also, there had been various system scope issues with BMW Company benefit in various parts of Australia (Barlow and Mller 1996). The system scope issue happened in light of the fact that the establishment of another strategy was not accurately tweaked. Over the late years, as the quantity of advanced cell clients expanded, the utilization of web information association likewise expanded. In any case, BMW Company couldn't attractively convey portable information scope. Additionally, the clients were put on hold for extend periods of time and the service conveyed by the agents was accounted for to be awful. Rise of Competitors of BMW Company The dim history of BMW Company Australia is being viewed as the reason behind the rise of companies. Because of the poor system, moderate portable information, and low appraised client benefit, the organization lost its reputation at the cost of losing clients and incomes. A displeased client named Primo made a site where the clients can express their dissatisfaction in regards to the client service of the telecom organization. Inside a limited ability to focus time, BMW Company got an expansive number of client protestations. BMW Company prompted a claim against BMW Company as there was a critical number of clients who held up various dissensions about the system nature of the service supplier. This rise of BMW Companys rivals was a catastrophe in the historical backdrop of BMW Company as they created sustained competitive advantage and hampered the reputation of BMW Company (Idowu and Louche 2011). The rise in competitors stigmatized BMW Company's reputation, as well as brought on a gigantic loss of its future prospect of business operation. The news of BMW Company spread so quick over the online networking that till today BMW Company has not possessed the capacity to recuperate from this terrible impression totally. Actions made by BMW Company and Impacts When BMW Company made sense of that the organization was in the skirt of losing its picture, it took certain activities to recapture the trust of the clients in the market. As a major aspect of its drives, BMW Company began to post data and overhaul on its blog about its framework update activities. Notwithstanding that, it presented an online gathering for its clients where any of its clients could talk about specifically with client delegates. When BMW Company got far-reaching media consideration, there were countless stopped by its clients consistently, and it inevitably began to lose clients and reputation. To keep the circumstance, BMW Company enlisted 300 new workers to listen to the inquiries and enhance consumer loyalty. Until the date, the organization has put billion dollars in revamping its image and updating its system locales in Australia. The organization additionally created arrange towers and opened a call center in Australia and utilizations Chatter and Exact Target Marketing Cloud to interface with individuals. Fallout the activities, BMW Company, claims that it gives an excellent system implementation contrasted with different companies. Additionally, the organization likewise pronounced that if any clients are not content with the system, they can terminate the agreement. In any case, this system assurance was for a transitory period of activity to urge clients to keep utilizing BMW Company benefit (Hubbard, Garnett and Lewis 2012). Notwithstanding that, the organization presented new products and services which are an online instrument for all BMW Company clients to permit complete access to their records. This service, accessible till days, allows the enrolled clients to check and screen account equalizations, solicitations, information utilization and call points of interest. Notwithstanding every one of these activities and ventures, BMW Company has not been sufficient to quit losing clients. In spite of the fact that the rate of diminishing clients got to be lower than some time recently, still, BMW Company has not possessed the capacity to hold the clients it lost throughout the most recent couple of years. BMW Company has gotten the least number of client grumblings in the Australian industry advertise. Taking into account the discoveries, it can be presumed that BMW Company has modestly enhanced in its system operations over the period. In any case, despite everything it needs to enhance its client benefit service. Recommendations There were primarily two purposes for the disappointment of the organization. One of them is the poor system quality and also, inability to speak with its clients about their issues. Despite the fact that BMW Company has officially taken different activities to battle the issues, regardless it has not possessed the capacity to recover its reputation. This report will propose a few proposals including their positive and negative sides of each of the suggestion and implementations to help BMW Company to arrangement better with the issues identified with its reputation. Client Effort Score One of the answers for defeat the issues tended to be utilizing client effort score (CES) metric. CES tries to discover how much effort the clients have put to proceed with business with the organization from their closures and gives a score of 1 to 5, low push to high effort. As BMW Company lost a disturbing number of its clients, utilizing CES will be valuable for the comprehension of the clients' loyalness to keep utilizing BMW Company benefit. Scholars have observed this strategy to be extremely successful in taking care of with clients and screen client loyalty. Utilizing CES measure is suggested for BMW Company in light of the fact that this procedure will help the organization to lessen its clients' endeavors by distinguishing the regions where its clients have griped and confronted issues. Also, this will empower BMW Company to resuscitate its reputation which it lost because of client disappointment and assemble data on its negative exhibitions too. Thus, CES will expand the shot that clients will stay faithful to the organization. Be that as it may, this metric has its impediment. CES, which is extremely industry particular, does not consider the other potential variables that could impact the simplicity of client connections and its effect on clients. Notwithstanding that, this measure would be successful for BMW Company as CES will help BMW Company to quantify its implementation and client relationship maintenance just by making a straightforward inquiry. To actualize CES, when clients report their first issue in their first calls, BMW Company ought to resolve the reported issue as well as take self-activity to determine some other issues that can join the principal issue. BMW Company ought to likewise address the enthusiastic side of the clients since studies discovered it diminish the quantity of rehashed calls made by the clients. Moreover, rather than denying any choices that client request; the client agent can offer option alternatives or propose some other forthcoming open door that the clients can give an idea. This will build the clients' fulfillment and steadfastness. Engaging the bleeding edge is prescribed for BMW Company as they can unravel the issues of the clients at one go. Keeping in mind the end goal to minimize channel chasing by the clients, BMW Company needs to plan their sites truly basic, powerful and client inviting by wiping out refined the language and enhancing the outline and format of the guidelines on the site. Finally, if BMW Company needs to address the input asking why the clients were not glad, it will pull in back its clients and restore their lost loyalty (Backhaus and Voeth 2014). Use Customers as Promoters Another proposal for BMW Company is it ought to concentrate on changing over its clients into promoters. Research findings propose that it is the loyal clients who add to the development and benefit of an organization by prescribing the organization to new customers. Thus, BMW Company ought to focus on working with their clients fundamentally to enhance their experience and fulfillment as it will upgrade their loyalty to the organization. Throughout the most recent years, BMW Company has lost a significant number of clients. So as to get back the clients, this technique will help BMW Company to satisfy their current clients who will thus prescribe the service to others. The Chief Executive Officer and the general manager of the business ought to take this as the essential obligation to encourage its prosperity. This technique is recommended to be the "one number you have to develop." Thus, by concentrating on the dissensions and inquiries of the current clients, BMW Company ought to deal with making more promoters and fewer spoilers as proposed. In any case, this would require a lot of thorough planning and prepare the service to make sense of and execute the proper changes to satisfy the clients' requests (Mullerat and Brennan 2005). Intervening to Stressed Clients and Closing Customer Feedback Loop Tending to focus on clients is another recommendation prescribed for BMW Company to tackle the reputation issues talked about before. As the clients' disappointment is one issue that hampered BMW Company's reputation, this approach will help BMW Company to reestablish clients' confidence and fulfillment (Boschma 2012). However, tending to a gathering of clients who are not happy with products or services provided by an organization is extremely testing as an organization will not have the capacity to put it from its end what is requested by the despondent clients. In any case, hypothetical confirmation recommends that this approach is exceptionally viable in expanding clients' satisfaction as it tries to emphatically impact the clients' experience and assessment about the products and services of an organization (Hollis 2013). This solution has been recommended that "in times of pressure, the impressions left by service providers are dependable." BMW Company needs to address its focused on clients by recognizing the enthusiastic trigger. This induces the clients to impart their insights and emotions about the service by making them feel a part of the organization (Gobetto 2016). A portion of the methods may incorporate basic overviews, center gatherings discourses, interviews, controlled analyses and experience mapping. To effectively use the criticism given by the clients, BMW Company ought to instantly dissect the input as it brings the clients nearer as recommended by scholars. BMW Company can address its clients is by reacting ahead of schedule to extraordinary feelings of the clients. From the prior exchange discoveries, we realize that BMW Company did not react to its despondent clients appropriately. BMW Company ought to maintain a strategic distance from service gaps and give an immediate contact point. This will thus improve the clients' feeling of control and genuine feelings of serenity by empowering them to get hold the client benefit on time and with due ingenuity (Berry 1999). To accomplish that, BMW Company needs to procure the right individuals and set them up for the part. Therefore, this will help the organization speak with the clients successfully and fortify their trust in the organization. Subsequently, it is very suggested that BMW Company concentrates on tending to its focused on clients with due care and persistence (Michman and Mazze 1998). Conclusion BMW Company Australia restricted has experienced a dull period with a scandal history regarding financial downturn and loss of clients. So as to contend with other organizations and resuscitate its reputation, BMW Company needs to take a shot at the issues that brought on a bad reputation. In spite of the fact that there have been different moves made by the organization, BMW Company still has not possessed the capacity to hold its client's loyalty and expanded the number up to a palatable level (BMW 2016). Because of the issues in operations, poor client benefit and in the long run the rise of other firms antagonistically influenced the reputation of the organization. To address the issues the organization took different activities including contracting more client service representatives, enormous interest in system foundation change, and change in service style and utilizing innovative apparatuses (ArAs 2016). All things considered, the activities taken by the organization were not fruitful and influential to tackle the issues with a history of shameful behavior (Alsop 2006). Hence, an array of recommendations is given to bending down the harmful implementation of the organization. CES will empower BMW Company to hold back its client reliability all the more viably. Besides, BMW Company needs to utilize its clients as promoters to amplify the quality and estimation of their service. At last, tending to the clients who are not upbeat and have objections about the organization and shutting the client criticism circle will help the organization to enhance its client service proficiently (Ward and Smith 2008). Despite the fact that it involves thorough planning and implementation process that BMW Company will ricochet back to its underlying reputation and market position, given the recommendations suggested in this report, it can be expected that BMW Company will have the capacity to get free of the tag of competitors in the up and coming couple of years. References ArAs, G., 2016.A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Alsop, R.J., 2006.The 18 immutable laws of corporate reputation: Creating, protecting and repairing your most valuable asset. Kogan Page Publishers. Barlow, J. and Mller, C., 1996.A complaint is a gift: using customer feedback as a strategic tool. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Backhaus, K. and Voeth, M., 2014. Industriegtermarketing: Grundlagen des Business-to-Business Marketing. 10.Aufl., Vahlen: Mnchen. BMW, (2016).HOME. [online] Available at: www.bmw.com.au/en/topics/offers-and-services/bmw./company-profile.html (26/08/2016) Berry, L.L., 1999.Discovering the soul of service: The nine drivers of sustainable business success. Simon and Schuster. Boschma, R., 2012. The Global Environment of BusinessBy Frederick Guy.Economic Geography,88(1), pp.101-102. Gobetto, Marco., 2016. "Operations management in automotive industries."From industrial strategies to production resources management, through the industrialization process and supply chain to pursue value creation. Springer, Dordrecht(2014): 49. Hubbard, G., Garnett, A. and Lewis, P., 2012.Essentials of economics. Pearson Higher Educa Hollis, N., 2013.The Meaningful Brand: How Strong Brands Make More Money. Macmillan.tion AU. Idowu, S.O. and Louche, C., 2011.Theory and practice of corporate social responsibility(p. 284). Berlin: Springer. Michman, R.D. and Mazze, E.M., 1998.The food industry wars: Marketing triumphs and blunders. Greenwood Publishing Group. Mullerat, R. and Brennan, D., 2005.Corporate social responsibility: The corporate governance of the 21st century. Kluwer Law International. Nicholson, F. and Meek, R., 2010.CIM Course book: Managing Marketing. Routledge. Sage, L., 2000.Winning the Innovation Race: Lessons from the Automotive Industry's Best Companies. John Wiley Sons. Siebert, D., 2014.The Dilemma between Quality Reputation and Risk Prevention: Warranty Provisions of Car Manufacturers. Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). Sharon. B (2014, Nov20). Investor insights on the non-alcoholic beverage industry. Retrieved from https://marketrealist.com/2014/11/guide-non-alcoholic-beverage-industry/ Ward, H. and Smith, N.C., 2008.Corporate Social Responsibility at a Crossroads: Futures for CSR in the UK to 2015. IIED.

Book Review Pure Desire Essay Example

Book Review: Pure Desire Paper Is related to pornography; worldwide annual revenues exceed $97 billion. Every second $3,075. 64 is spent on pornography. Every second 28,258 Internet users are viewing pornography. Every second 372 Internet users are typing adult search terms into search engines. Every 39 minutes: a new pornographic video is created in the United States. As Unrig says, ?Sex sells?! 2. Each day we are bombarded with immoral sexuality from a myriad of sources ? he television, the radio, music, movies, commercial ads, dating sites, magazines, books, billboards, and the list goes on and on. It seems that there Is nearly no place safe for the mind or the eye to focus. Certainly, this endless barrage of immorality can take a toll on our walk with Christ. To this end Unrig postures, : we live in a sex-saturated, self-gratifying society? and makes an interesting comparison between predictability of California wildfires in the summers. Like fire, sex has the power to harm, but was not Intended that way. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Pure Desire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Pure Desire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Pure Desire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both In their original God-given opacity provide very healthy and needed elements for mankind, but when allowed to seep beyond their intended boundaries they become incredibly destructive forces. In today?was world, God?was great gift of sex has assuredly been tainted and has become the devouring force Unrig speaks of; still Christians must strive to understand the goodness of the gift and find a place of moral sanity. I loved Unrig?was use of analogy between fire and sex. With each there are good and bad 1 Family Safe Media. Pornography Statistics _ Retrieved from http familiarized. Com/pornography_statistics. HTML#time. Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 12. 3 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity In a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 13. Usages, good and bad outcomes, even good and bad projections onto future generations. No one wakes up in the morning and says ?l?wad lik e for my house to burn to the ground today? and no one wakes up and says ?cell?wad like to become a fornicator today?0 or ?l?wall become a sex fiend and be addicted to Ron?: lets what l?wave always wanted to do with my life. ?D Still the makings of such are everywhere. Reading the book makes one more aware of our sex- saturated state. The lines drawn between the standards of our culture and that of Christianity use to be quite clear. It functioned nearly like the blood-brain barrier of the human body designed to protect the body?was control center at all cost, rejecting foreign agents and keeping impurities at bay. Somehow, the devil has gotten us (Christians) to buy into the decline in moral convictions. Unrig says, : Christian sexual and moral values are under attack?o and I totally agree. As 1 KICK around; we are seeing evidence AT tons clean In people younger and younger. The other day I was looking at a children?was movie with my granddaughters and began to make note of Just how many things in the movie had sexual overtones and again Energies book came to mind. This was an animated movie that was ?created G?0. Further evidence of the validity of Unrig?was argument can be found in the recent revelation of President Obama?was endorsement of gay marriages. As bad as this all seems, Unrig says the problem is much deeper. It is not a matter of right and wrong, nor a matter of good vs.. Bad, nor even a matter of avoiding sin. Rather than avoidance of that which is wrong, this is a matter of pursuing what is right. This book does not simply scold us as children who are too enticed to resist the candy in a candy store, Unrig challenges us to go deeper into who we really are and make decisions to stop failing at avoidance and the transforming task of actively pursuing holiness. 4 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 17. Being divorced as a result of my husband?was repeated infidelity and tendencies toward domestic violence, Einstein?was letter to his poor wife was of particular fascination to me. Of course my husband made no such demands, but as he was a pastor, I found myself having something in common with Millie. I wanted my marriage to work, so I did find myself trying to protect the church, and keep the peace in my family. Much like Einstein, my marriage disintegrated and my husband married his mistress, only to end up divorced from her soon after as well. Honestly, t that point in my life it felt I was in the storm or all storms. To my surprise, getting out of the relationship presented a brand new set of dilemmas and learning to live single again was Just as stormy. The ?expected storm?0 is strange meteorological concept, but it well portrays where we are as a culture and Unrig points out that our present day storm includes a 50 percent decline in marriages well divorce rates are climbing; soaring numbers of couples are deciding to cohabitate; children born to unwed mothers has Jumped to 37. 4 percent; the redefinition of marriage and legalization of homosexual marriage ND technological catapulting of use of pornography. After my divorce I found myself somewhere in this storm and it was extremely hard to tell myself that I could not physically do what I had Just lawfully and spiritually been fine doing Just days before. It took some time to face the reality of the Christian dilemma I was in. I do not know that it would have made everything better right away, but I do wish I had had this book way back then. During some counseling and even in one of my other classes, I mentioned some of the content of Pure Desire and in every case people have left skiing how they can get a copy. When I speak of Pure Desire, I emphasized thing that got me hooked right off the back. It is Energies ?coffee the script?0 approach. Unrig changes the game and makes it easier to approach what is basically a huge part of the sanctification process. Most adults and young adults will quickly admit that sexual sin is their largest struggle in the Christian life. We struggle with scriptural mandates like ?sebaceous it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy?0 (Level. 20:26; I Pet. 1:16) and ?CE present your Doodles a living secretly, only, accept tale unto Go The truth is we wrestle constantly with the impure desire of the flesh and try as we might many of us are equally constant in losing the battle. I feel it is this repeated defeat that prompts Unrig to tell readers that the real focus should not be avoidance of sexual sin, but the pursuit of holiness for our own good and the glory of God. This thought makes the words of Romans 8:13 ring in my mind, ?coffer if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die: but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live?0. As much as sexual sin is wrong among the unmarried, sexuality is not altogether ring. God created man for woman and created sexual intimacy as a good thing. Through stories and great imagery, Unrig paints vivid mental pictures of the perfection God intended for sexuality within the bounds of marriage, but he paints images Just as dynamic of paradise lost. Starting with Adam and Eve (Gene. 3) Unrig recounts the temptation of the first couple and strategies used against them in the original sin and points out that the same strategies have been working ever since. In Energies comments about what was lost in the first sin, he introduced a view that I have never heard. Some people actually suggest that sexual intercourse was part of the original sin, but this is far from true, however their act of sin did change their sexuality. Of Adam and Eve and God?was original design, I think Unrig said one of the most beautiful things I have ever read, ?cachet two move together in dignity, harmony, and holy physicality, marvelously completing and complementing one another?05. It makes you long for that kind of perfection in your own marital 5 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex- Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 2 relationships, but sadly, that devil desires to turn our minds and hearts toward our own personal pleasures instead of waiting on God to give us the things we desire. Presently, I am also studying Sanctification and Phenomenology and one thing that really stood out as I read this book was that Energies views and approach to the pursuit of holiness stands in line with what should be our desire as we as Christians understand the process of sanctification better. Yes it is a process, but God wants every part of our lives to line up with His will for us; this is assuredly inclusive of our dies. His desire is that we approach holiness from the inside out. Unrig emphasizes that the Bible is radically ?cooper-body?o ? ?occur bodies matter to the Lord?06. The Spirit of God indwells us and anything that we do which is immoral; we take that Spirit of God with us into. Thinking of that is quite profound and saddening really, Just as I have learned in Phenomenology, our bodies are the temple of God. It is the place where God has chosen to place a special holiness that sets us apart. Unrig makes very clear that it does not matter if our body is strong or rail, if we are saved, the Spirit of God has taken up residence within us and we are responsible for how we carry and treat our bodies. Energies reasoning at times makes me think of the huge campaign against drugs ? Just Say NO! This campaign seemed great at first and the slogan was very catchy, but it lacked something. Telling young people (or old ones for that matter) to say no was good, but not enough. We had to give them something to say yes to. In this writing Unrig took the time to explain why we need to say no, when we need to say no, want snouts give us ten strength to say no, Ana very Importantly when It Is relent to ay yes. I felt this was great because as he said, the church and Christianity can come across as ?secant-body?o. We give sex and the body a bad name 6 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 80 at times. I think we are so afraid that our children will run and try it if we make sex sound good or make the body sound fun. That has always puzzled me. As Unrig instructs, ?chew need a compelling purpose for our sexual standard ? to pursue and promote God?was glory?07. What I really admire about this book is that Unrig actually talks about how God purposely designed us for sexual pleasure. It is a divine gift that we need to understand and appreciate. This gift should be respected because of the giver and its cost. We have to begin to put His purpose and purchase above our own pleasures. Unrig tells us that we come for this new age where everyone wants to have their way, pleasures of all sorts are Just a click away, but the Bible tells us differently. ?coffer ye are bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are Gods?0 (l Cord. 6:20). As Christians we stand n utter conflict with our world but we must achieve a level of double vision that allows us to view both the cross and heaven and find ourselves consumed with the holiness of our God and a passion for His glory. What then of our purpose? ? Unrig says ?cote glorify God is to reveal His character, to display His importance, and to promote His reputation?08. In my view each of these reveal something about us as we reveal something about Him. Another thing that is empowering about Unrig?was argument is that he tells readers that we need to flee the temptations of this culture. That kind off nod to the ?essay NO! ?0 campaign too. Normally in our culture fleeing is cowardly or a sign of fear or inferiority, but Unrig tells us that fleeing for righteousness sack is not weakness, rather it is actually a sign of wisdom. He does 7 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 80 8 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex- Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. . 83 not Just tell us to flee if we are single, but he also tells us that there are things the married person should flee as well. Not amongst those things the married should flee are passion, commitment, fidelity, and (dare we say it) spirituality. Unrig lists quotes by the likes of Clement of Alexandria, Jerome, Augustine, Gregory the Great, and Thomas Aquinas all to the contrar y. It surprised me that such great men and biblical scholars had such bananas views of marriage and the valve of sex therein. In their day it was easy to reject sexuality, today in a very contra manner, it is easy to reject God?was will. In our world, ?cultural ideas trump biblical truth, we abuse and misuse God?was good gift?09. Unrig addressed such issue as celibacy by pointing out its values and clarifying Paul?was actual views on the matter, but at the same Unrig made sure that the reader knows the value of intimacy in the correct settings. Once in marriage sex should be a happily obliged duty for the partners. An unusual set of partner Unrig used in the book was that of C. S. Lewis and his wife; partners who really did not start off as partners at all, out It turned Into a great love story. Lawless writings are always fascinating to me, I love the way he words things. When speaking of partners happily bilging to sexuality as a duty within marriage Lewis?was words do not disappoint. He says, of he and his wife, that he and his wife ?suffocated on love; every mode of it?: No cranny of heart or body remained unsatisfied?:?010. It takes my mind to Hebrews 13:4, ?Cambridge is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled: but warmongers and adulterers God will Judge?0 (KAVA). ?smooth seas don?wet make skillful sailors?o, this African proverbs speaks volumes 1 . 9 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 010. P. 86 1 1 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 138. We live in morally difficult times and everything about our culture challenges who we say we are. James says, we should count it all Joy but it can be disturbing and disheartening so Unrig says we must not only know our enemy and how he works in our culture but we must understand our struggle. In leading the reader to a better understanding, Unrig points out an interesting distinction between trials and temptations. He says, trials suggests pain, while imitations promise pleasure. Trails are designed by God to refine and strengthen us; temptations seek out vulnerabilities in an effort to weaken us. For me that was a ? WOW! Energies discussion of this really changed my views and caused me to review my trials and temptations. It was like I hit rewind in my own mind and played things back for my own personal analysis. Having been single for quite some time, One Is a Whole Number had a certain appeal to me. I wrote a discussion on the subject of being single and homosexuality and how the church, of all people, tends to fuse the two together. It irritates me. I was very happy the Unrig spent time talking about Paul?was decision to remain single and that being Just as honorable as being married. I agree with Unrig, singleness is a huge, complex, and diverse segment of our society. I fall among the formerly married. I do not know if that is better or worse to have had a time of sexual freedom and have to turn it off or to have never married or had sexual encounters. Living single and staying single does not mean one is gay! Still gayness, is a subject I was glad to see Unrig address. I concur with Energies views on this. We do have to speak the truth about sin, but as Christians we do have a responsibility to speak that truth in the love of God. People do not respond well to harsh criticisms, hatefulness and/or homophobia. It turns people away from God and His people. This is inclusive of single people who are pressured to marry. 12 Unrig, Gary. Pure Desire: Moral Sanity in a Sex-Saturated Culture. Discovery House: Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 155. In our culture, men and women are no longer rushing to marry. They are establishing themselves professionally and fulfilling their own dreams instead of dating for someone else to do it for them. As quoted in the book, Stephanie Cocoon says, most people consider marriage ?cachet dessert?o of life?was meal not ?cachet main course?012. Interestingly, Unrig touch on the double standard that exists Detente women Delve 010 malls Wendell Decanters ay not surer ten same negative connotations or reputations. I know what Paul said to the Corinthians and I know it is useful to be single. It allows more time to serve God and to devote to the ministry, but what Unrig did not cover is the fact that church people do not make it easy for ingle people to live Holy when they should. I think that would make a great subject for his next project. God addressed marriage, singleness and homosexuality in His Word, and Unrig did a good Job of providing spiritual enlightenment of all. In this book, the reader clearly sees that the standards of the world seep into each and every one of those areas causing a steady deterioration of morals and Christian living. Unrig says the best answer or defense against this ungodly infiltration is the Word of God and early introduction (the earlier the better) is necessary. It takes me back to the children s movie I viewed with my granddaughters and how much sexuality was hidden in that film. In that instance I did not choose to stop and/or leave the movie, but in the future I believe I will. Unrig says, ?Cohen major social institutions in our society lack any moral compass to guide them, parents need special wisdom to find their way in one of life?was most significant responsibilities?:?013. Parents must be spiritually equipped and prepared to guide, teach, and protect children. I am normally a big protector, but in this, I think I failed to do what I should have done. It s an area that I think sneaks up on us because the devil slides it in an Grand Rapids, MI. 2010. P. 173. Animated comedy. The book of Proverbs was always one of my grandmother?was (who raised me) favorite books. She used it for nearly every situation. Whether decisions, discipline, child rearing, what to say, how to say it ? it did not really matter. She planted herself in the wisdom of Proverbs. Unrig says, we will never be perfect, we will not necessarily know more than others, be smarter or more spiritual than the rest, but we must apply what we know with greater skill so that we live better lives. That is wisdom. We must apply wisdom to what we teach our children and how we live before them. Unrig gives ten principles for raising children in our society. Paramount in this process is getting a good understanding of sexuality for yourself (Provo. 4:7). I think part of that wisdom and understanding also includes Energies last subject matter. We have to know that hiding in the darkness of our sin (deeds or thoughts) only allows sin to dig deeper towards our core and further corrupt. We have to be wise enough to humble ourselves and repent. It is the way to restore our fellowship tit God.

Biotechnology patent law essays

Biotechnology patent law essays This book summarizes the monumental events of the development of biotechnology. While living in an era emerged with two technologies, biotechnology and information technology, the author pointed out an important view that sciences or technologies are not developed in a day but they need a lot of mistrials, brightness, and genius ness. It looks the term, the evolution, is adequate for using not only for the accounts of biological phenomenon but also for expression of the development of thoughts. If we glance at answers first before reading questions, everything looks so simple and obvious. Likewise, living at present, explanation about structures and mechanisms of genetics seems to be so obvious that we even could feel any other explanations are not possible. In the contrary, reality was not so. Scientist had disputed even whether DNA, which had only four components, was the material for heredity. For them, proteins composed with 20 kinds of amino acids looked more reasonable for the material. If they saw how computers operated with binary code nowadays, they could have an easy time to reach the conclusion. (I admit that this is also hindsight.) Considering many contributors for the development of biotechnology, responsibility issues also come up. Even though we are having a lot knowledges and understands given by the contributors, we should be aware of the fact that because those are not only from us or for us. Whenever we use the technologies, I think we should think about the responsibility toward society and the further development of the technology to have over out successors. Introduction: The Life of a Powerful Word When the Human Genome Project was first proposed in the mid 1980s, it evoked a great deal of skepticism. But today few skeptics remain. Four of the important lessons that molecular genomic has helped us learn. 3. The notion of a genetic program and the concept of a development program. 4. The imp...

Maritime Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Maritime Policy - Essay Example is the case, many nationals of these developing countries occupy a significant share of the workforce that mans the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries and open register’s fleets (Johnston, 1991). This movement of marine industry workers between flags as a result of the free working environment created by fleet managers and ship owners in assembling crews of different nationalities according to Ron, Stutchbury and Pascoe (1988) actually led to the firm establishment of the seafarers’ global labour market. This report seeks to analyze the global labour market in detail; its formation, and how it has impacted players involved in shipping companies from both developing and developed regions of the world. The report goes further to suggest ways and means of tackling problems experienced by stakeholders of the seafarers’ Global Labour Market (GLM). Initially, almost all ships were manned predominantly by people of the same nationality as the ship’s flag (Williamson, 1992). This tradition was held in part as a consequence of legal requirement with countries varying in strength in the enforcement of the law. Besides, it was also considered more practical in as much as recruiting seafarers from other countries was difficult and expensive (Tyner, 2000). Notable exceptions to these requirements, however, arose when the Liberian and Panamanian registers were created in 1949 and 1922 respectively (Tyner, 2000). Neither of the two nations involved had national seafarers’ labour markets. These anomalies however posed no significant threat to the well organised labour markets of Japan and European nations until the prolonged recession of the 70s and 80s hit world trade. The scale and pace of change in the marine workforce in the 80s was widely unprecedented. According to Alderton, in 1987 alone, there was a steady increase in the number of Filipino seafarers working in European-owned ships. The press, throughout the 80s,

Decision tree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision tree - Essay Example So far the example fabric has met PPF’s essential performance standards but additional testing will illustrate if it can attain their maximum specification. Decision hypothesis is a logical and systematic strategy to the analysis of decision making. A fine decision is one that is oriented on logic; reflects on all accessible data and potential alternatives, and the quantitative strategies of data. In terms of the expected values calculated, and consequent decision, it does not matter if costs are to the left of amount or vice versa; though rationally the costs are incurred prior to the site acquisition revenue is earned so it generates more sense to put expenses to the left of amount. Clearly nothing will be achieved if PPF management decides not to go on with the project what he needs to find to decide to drill is an EV for this act that is greater than $0. The EV for drilling is $140k so he should drill. When p (abandoned) = 0 this means the likelihood of it failing to acquire the site and make profit is 1 (i.e. certain) and from the pertinent section of the decision illustration it can be observed that the EV is 1 x -$- Â £14.8.M In case of p (maximum) = 1 then there are two potential it can be possible to buy Curie site or delay decision making and maintain Faraday site. These double events are equally exclusive and comprehensive so must add up to 1. To attain this one must normalize the probabilities of buying the Curie site and expanding Faraday site to make them add up to

A mini essay regarding sexuality, and sexualized violence and sexual

A mini regarding sexuality, and sexualized violence and sexual assault - Essay Example In addition, about 99 percent of the convicted rapists are males (RAINN, 2010). Prevalence of rape in different countries varies, where some report higher rates than others do. Sweden for instance has one of the highest reported incidents of rape in developed countries and in the globe. Various factors account to this disparity in incidents of rape. These include inconsistencies in definition of rape, underreporting and ignorance (Meyer, 2006). Different societies define rape in various contexts causing disparities in reported incidents. In some societies, it is acceptable for a man to have sex with a woman irrespective of her consent. In such situations, the channels for reporting such cases are virtually non-existent and victims are left with no option of seeking legal redress. Moreover, the society focuses more on male – female rape, overlooking other types such as male-male, female- male , and female –female sexual abuse (Malamuth, 1986). In societies with low literacy levels, many crimes including rape go unreported because of strong cultural or traditional values that prevent victims from reporting due to fear. Hence, in conservative, third world and developing nations the incidents of rape could be higher than reported data because of ignorance , underreporting and other factors. Similarly, developed countries report high incidents of rape because victims are more informed about their rights and there are competent and broad legal definitions of the crime. Sexual violence is caused by various factors as explained by many theories to explain the phenomena. Meyer(2006) classified these into two categories, namely offender based factors and societal influence Offender based factors include biological make up of an individual such as high levels of hormones that increases aggression, including testosterone and serotonin, abusing drugs such as alcohol, in addition to sex and power motives. Societal influence includes

The Goals Of Education Education Essay

The Goals Of Education Education Essay Since a student, I have nurtured the dream of being a teacher partly because of the powerful impact that my teachers had on me as role models. That dream was fulfilled two years ago when I was first given the opportunity to replace a teacher who took her maternity leaves at Imperial College and then I got to continue my journey in teaching in that same school. With only my BSC in Sociology as qualification and without any prior training in teaching, the first time I entered a form 5 class, the only vision that I had in mind was of regimented students following all my instructions and participating in the class. I was completely astounded upon the type of welcome I received from the boys: whistles and shouts. My first reaction was to maintain discipline as it is the main value of the college and thus, I had to adopt an authoritarian stance to maintain order in the class. As time went by, I discovered few changes in myself. I was no longer the screamer who had to yell in classes to get students do their work, the way that I delivered the lessons were different and the questions that I set for class tests and exams were suited to the needs of the learners. I also developed interpersonal skills which I used to deal with different types of students. This made me realize that education is not a destination but a journey where ones philosophy is constantly changing. 2. 0 TEACHING PHILOSOPHY 2. 1 The goals of education Education being a continuous process of learning, understanding and gaining knowledge is important for numerous reasons. Foremost, it teaches us how to fit into our social and cultural environment since it involves transmission of academic knowledge coupled with cultural heritage, traditions, customs and values which serves as a unifying force. In the National Curriculum Framework (2009), it is stated that within sociology, students should be taught about citizenship. Thus, school is the right place to plant the right seeds. Moreover, academics argue that the primary aim of education is to prepare people for work. However, as Rifkin argued in the End of Work, in this rapid technological era, the human workers are becoming obsolete for there are machines that work better and faster than human. As such, the aim of education can no longer be to prepare individuals for work but it should be focused towards developing talents and potentials in students for them to become versatile. I agree with Dewey here when he said that education should develop survival skills and problem solving ability in the students. Freires arguments in Pedagogy of the Oppressed redirected my attention to another goal of education which is to develop the enquiring minds of students and make critically examine our society and its institutions. The concept of liberatory education was appealing to me as a sociology teacher and a Marxist since it argues for an education that will lead to conscientization that is breaking through prevailing mythologies to reach new levels of awareness in the students minds, empowering them with a vision to transform social order. In this process, students should develop critical thinking skills or higher order skills (Blooms taxonomy) so they are able to analyze and interpret the multitude of perspectives and issues that they will come across during their lifetime. 2. 2 Teaching ideals To meet the above aims of education, there is the need for a professional teacher who not only acts with knowledge but also value the knowledge he possesses. Teaching to Transgress (1994) by Bell Hooks shed light on this issue. For Hooks, effective learning can take place when the teacher will see teaching as a sacred vocation aiming in the intellectual and spiritual growth of the students. Besides, teachers should also watch out for pupils assigned to their classes, catering for the poor, the disadvantaged, and the less able students. This is in line with Deweys statement:Every mind has its own form suggesting that individuals vary within stages and that education must as a result be individualized. Building on the work of Banks (1981), in the Mauritian context, the teacher should be able to maintain a multicultural school environment by reviewing his own attitudes, instructional materials, assessment methods, counseling and teaching styles. 2. 3 My Teaching practice My beliefs of what education is and the roles of an ideal teacher have shaped my way of teaching to a certain extent. To begin with, I believe in implementing goal-oriented lessons. Usually, I cater for both academic and social objectives. Empathy in terms of respect and care for the students is embedded in my teaching. In fact, it has certainly been a powerful tool in understanding and connecting with students from diverse backgrounds. I realized that students are very much the product of their times due to globalization. Their identity, self concept, ambitions and expectations from schools are all modeled by the media. Adjusting to the new situation is challenging and demanding. The traditional approach to teaching that is talk and chalk is working for few privileged pupils only and there is an urgent need to shift to a new technique. This is highlighted by Giroux when he said that we must move beyond reproductive approaches by recognizing that reproduction is a complex phenomenon that not only serves the interest of domination but also contains the seeds of conflict and transformation. Thus, I had to find ways to cope to the new situation. This led me to transform my class into a differentiated one in terms of both ability and cultural background to deliver the lessons tailored to the needs of the learners. If a child cant learn the way we teach, maybe we should teach the way they learn. Ignacio Estrada. There are a number of assumptions underlying this particular quote. It not only suggests that we need to cater for the learning styles of the students but we should also review our teaching strategies to meet their needs. I have adopted the student-centered or constructivist learning where students are given responsibility for their own learning which further becomes meaningful for them. I thus see myself as a facilitator, guiding the students to construct their own understanding of the world around them. Thus, opposing the banking education as argued by Freire where the teacher will deposit information in the minds of pupils, I opt for strategies where the teacher will serve as mediator while students will be active participants such as group work. I have an image of children as strong and capable beings. It is important to stimulate their growth by introducing new ideas and stretching them to progress. As far as possible I try to adapt the curriculum to their current social situations as well as religious and cultural backgrounds. Thus, I often think of students zones of proximal development to push them to the zone of potential development. For this very purpose, I consider the school to be the perfect arena for fostering life-long skills which are transferable to everyday life. Further, evaluation is done with the goal for students to improve. I share to the students what is expected, so that when I evaluate, they will know specifically what they need to improve on. This way, everyone is given a chance to succeed. Evaluation is not only done for the students but for my own sake as a teacher. As Hooks puts it rightly, teachers must be committed to a process of self-actualization that promotes their own well-being if they are to teach in a manner that empowers students. Therefore, I see to it that after each of my lesson, I do a self evaluation exercise so that I can identify my forte and weaknesses as a teacher and work upon them to improve in the next class. However, I come across many difficulties in my role as a teacher at Imperial College. Girouxs claim that the teacher is a mere specialized technician within the school bureaucracy instead of a transformative intellectual has led me to ponder on my own situation. The culture of my school is at odds with what I have learnt at the Mauritius Institute of Education for the former preach discipline and academic result while the latter caters for the all round development of students. As such, reconciling the two is a demanding task and this is reflected in the survey results  [1]  of the Teaching Perspectives Index by Dan Pratt and John Collins, especially where my beliefs score exceeds my actions score. Time is another factor that constraint me for doing additional things for the welfare of the students. 3. 0 CONCLUSION Being a teacher is the most noble job. The satisfaction that I obtain when my students excel in the subject matter is beggaring description. There had even been times when I thought that I was living a nightmare with students misbehaving and not following the class but then I got solace when I came across the following statement: The academy is not paradise. But learning is a place where paradise can be created. The classroom with all its limitations remains a location of possibility. (Hooks, 1994) I realized that I have a powerful tool (teaching) in my hand that I should use as much as I can. Readdressing disciplinary issues is possible and this requires commitment as a teacher and dialogue with students, school management and the wider community. REFERENCE BOOKS AND ARTICLES Dewey, J. (1897) My pedagogic creed, The School Journal, Volume LIV, Number 3 (January 16, 1897), pp. 77-80. Giroux, Henry A. (1988) Teachers as Intellectuals: Toward A Critical Pedagogy of Learning, pp. 122-123. Hooks, B. (1994) Teaching to Transgress. Education as the practice of freedom, London: Routledge. Freire, P. (1970) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Seabury. Ministry of education, Culture Human Resources (2009) The National Curriculum Framework, Phoenix, Mauritius. INTERNET SITE http://www.teachingperspectives.com/ last accessed on 11 August 2012

Isolation And The Individual I :: essays research papers fc

Nothing is more apparent in the genre of satire than the ridicule of the vices and immoralities of society. This focussing on the defects of society as a whole doubles as a function of this genre of literature and a framework within the plot or theme of the novel or story. The satirist emphasizes the ugly ramifications of society, but to do so the satirist needs a vehicle for the observation of society’s actions and effects as a whole. This society is often represented as a microcosm or series of microcosms along a journey and the vehicle for the observation of the presented society is an individual located on the outside. To ensure that the individual is fully isolated from society and thus capable of objectively observing the follies of the world, the individual is given characteristics of a distinctive identity. The concept of an individual may be summarized in a statement made by Rick Hoyle: â€Å"The human self is a self-organizing, interactive system of thoughts, feelin gs, and motives that characterizes an individual. The self is reflexive and dynamic in nature: responsive yet stable† (Hoyle 2). Therefore, the outsider must be an individual, fully capable of organizing his or her thoughts and emotions and the consequences of each upon the self and the world. Logically proceeding the definition of the individual outside of society is the definition of society; a term that â€Å"can be used to designate the specifically relational system of interaction among individuals and collectivities† (Sanford 219). By positioning the polarities of individual and society in a conflict of values the satirist has created an effective method for criticizing society. The major trends the satirist may attribute to the individuals separated from society are the inability to integrate themselves into society, a certain degree of naivetà ©, and have definite flaws. These trends are apparent in the protagonists of the satiric novels: Mark Twain’s Hu ckleberry Finn Joseph Heller’s Catch 22 and Kurt Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mark Twain’s satirical novel Huckleberry Finn has a main protagonist that is a precocious boy named Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn’s initiation into society and society’s values is at Miss Watson and the widow’s home after his father’s death presents the civilized part of the society that Huck has not been exposed to before. It aggregates Huck’s education both as an individual and as a part of society up to the time when he sets out on a raft to Jackson’s Island; and his acceptance of Jim begins his exclusion from society.

Lev Vygotsky

Down through the years psychologists and individuals involved in education have developed and investigated different theories about how children learn. To understand how children receive and use information is of great value to parents, teachers and indeed society in general as the children of today are tomorrow’s adults and our society will not develop if our children cannot learn effectively. In this essay I will discuss the theories of Lev Vygotsky as I believe his work has become the foundation for a lot of our modern day theories and concepts in regard to a child’s cognitive development. Lev Vygotsky was born in Russia in 1896 during the Russian Revolution and his works only came to the attention of the western world when they were published in 1962. Vygotsky died quite young and a lot of his research was unfinished however his work was continued by his students and followers alike. Vygotskys theory of Socio-cultural or Social Development as it is also known was the building block for the concepts and stratagies now used in our pre-schools and schools today. Unlike Piaget who believed that development preceeds learning, Vygotsky believed that to develop, a child must learn first. He rightly believed that the most effective learning comes from a child’s social interaction in society and the cultural they are reared in. Social factors and culture contribute to a child’s cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that society gave a child various cultural tools which enabled learning, language being one of the most important. Language is the primary form of interaction and through language a child can communicate thoughts, emotions, opinions and ideas and develop friendships. A child’s level of language skills can and most likely will effect all other aspects of their development both personally and academically. Through my research I see that Vygotskys concept, the zone of proximal development, which is Vygotsky’s term for the range of tasks too difficult for children to master alone but which can be learned with the guidance and asistance of adults or more skilled chilren, is widely used today in learning institutions worldwide, its concept is used in most subjects and used very effectively with a broad spectrum of students, ranging from disadvantaged, special needs, and â€Å"gifted† students to adults. Within this concept Vygotsky talks about â€Å"Scaffolding† which basically means changing the level of support as the student becomes more capable in a task or subject. Another concept which is interlinked with the above is The More Knowledgeable Other (MKO). The MKO refers to anyone who has a better understanding or a greater ability than the student, in respect to a particular task or concept. The MKO is normally thought of as being a teacher, coach, or older adult, but the MKO could also be peers, a younger person, or even computers. As I read and study these concepts I can clearly see their incorporation into our education system today compared to when I was a child starting out in school forty years ago. Although systems where evolving gradually, there were very different opinions and methods in place regarding education. Lev Vygotsky: Lev Vygotsky (November 17, 1896 – June 11, 1394) was a Russian psychologist. Vygotsky was a pioneering psychologist and his major works span six separate volumes, written over roughly 10 years, from Psychology of Art (1925) to Thought and Language [or Thinking and Speech] (1934). Vygotsky's interests in the fields of developmental psychology, child development, and education were extremely diverse. Vygotsky's theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of â€Å"making meaning. He argued, â€Å"learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function† (Vygotsky 1978, p. 90). Vygotsky’s theory differs from Piaget in three different ways. 1. Social interaction plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development. In contrast to Jean Piag et’s understanding of child development, Vygotsky felt social learning precedes development. 2.The more knowledgeable other refers to anyone who has a better understanding or a higher Ability level than the learner, with respects to a particular task, process, or concept. MKO’s Can be peers, a younger person, teachers, coaches, older adult, or even computers. 3. The zone of proximal development is the distance between a student’s ability to perform a task under adult guidance and/or with peer collaboration. It is also the student’s ability to solve problems independently. â€Å"According to Vygotsky, humans use tools that develop from a culture, such as speech and writing, to mediate their social environments.Initially children develop these tools to serve solely as social functions, ways to communicate needs. Vygotsky believed that the internalization of these tools led to higher thinking skills. †(http://www. learning-theories. com/vygotskys-soci al-learning-theory. html) In modern day terms, Vygotsky would be a facilitator. Teachers and students collaborate in learning and practing four key skills (summarize, question, clarify, and predict). Teaching and learning is a two way street. You have to be able to interact with the student.This simply means you have to know your student. Teachers have to know where their students are educationally to get them to move to the next level. Then we have to cater our teaching to meet the needs of the learners. I believe that a teacher must be able to relate to their student. For example, a teacher that had both parents that is wealthy. That teacher shouldn’t expect his/her students to behave as he/she did as a student at that age. You have to realize that there are differences and make accommodations.A child from a wealthy home and a child from a single parent working class home can’t be taught using the same method. The backgrounds are too different. References Vygotsky, L . S. (1962). Thought and Language. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. McLeod, S. A. (2007). Vygotsky – Social Development Theory. Retrieved from http://www. simplypsychology. org/vygotsky. html http://www. learning-theories. com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory. html